Kev nyab xeeb yeej ib txwm ua ntej thaum nws los txog rau cov khoom ua si ntoo rau cov menyuam yaus. Txhawm rau lav tias cov khoom ua si ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj kev nyab xeeb, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev yuav cov khoom ua si uas muaj ntawv pov thawj tsim nyog. Yog li, thaum xaiv cov khoom ua si ntoo rau cov menyuam yaus, koj yuav tsum nrhiav daim ntawv pov thawj twg?
1. Daim ntawv pov thawj CE:CONFORMITE EUROPEENNE
Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb hauv ntiaj teb ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab muag khoom yog daim ntawv pov thawj CE. Cov khoom lag luam yuav tsum muaj daim ntawv pov thawj no txhawm rau ua lag luam hauv European Union, thiab nws tau lees paub tias nws ua raws li txhua qhov kev nyab xeeb, kev noj qab haus huv, ib puag ncig, thiab kev tiv thaiv cov neeg siv khoom. Hauv qhov tseeb, nws ua pov thawj tias cov khoom lag luam muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ua raws li EU txoj cai.
Ntau yam khoom lag luam, suav nrog cov tshuab, khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom ua si, cov cuab yeej kho mob, cov cuab yeej siv siab, thiab lwm yam, tau them los ntawm CE daim ntawv pov thawj. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau cov tuam txhab lag luam yuav tsum nco ntsoov yog tias tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj CE yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua raws li kev cai lij choj txhawm rau muag cov khoom lag luam hauv EU. Nws lav tias cov khoom muaj kev ruaj ntseg thiab ua raws li kev cai lij choj specifications. Kev nplua, kev rov qab los, thiab kev txiav txim raws li txoj cai yuav ua raws li tsis ua raws li CE daim ntawv pov thawj cov cai.
2. ASTM F963 Certification: American Society for Testing and Materials
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) tau tsim cov qauv ASTM F963, uas qhia txog kev nyab xeeb rau cov khoom ua si muag hauv Asmeskas. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom ua si 'kev tsim, kev tsim kho, thiab kev tsim khoom yog tag nrho cov kev tswj hwm kev nyab xeeb. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, ASTM F963 yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev ua kom cov khoom ua si ua raws li cov cai nruj kev nyab xeeb thiab tsim nyog rau cov menyuam yaus siv.
Hauv xyoo 1970, raws li tus naj npawb ntawm kev raug mob thiab cov neeg tuag tau coj los ntawm cov khoom ua si tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb tau nce, ASTM F963 tau dhau los ua qhov tsim nyog. Tus qauv tau dhau los ua ntau yam hloov tshiab txij li thaum ntawd los coj mus rau hauv tus account kev hloov kho hauv cov khoom ua si tsim, cov khoom siv, thiab cov txheej txheem ntau lawm. Ntau lub tebchaws tau txais ASTM F963 los ua lub hauv paus rau lawv tus kheej cov qauv kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom ua si vim nws tam sim no tau lees paub tias yog tus qauv tseem ceeb.
3: EN71 Ntawv pov thawj
Cov European Union muaj kev tswj hwm kev nyab xeeb rau cov khoom ua si hu ua EN71. Nws qhia txog cov qauv kev nyab xeeb thiab kev kuaj xyuas uas cov khoom ua si yuav tsum dhau thiaj li yuav tau txais kev pom zoo siv rau cov menyuam yaus.
Cov khoom ua si muag hauv European Union yuav tsum ua raws li N71 tus qauv kev nyab xeeb, uas paub tseeb tias lawv ua. Nws yog ib qho kev lees paub dav dav uas ua rau muaj kev sib raug zoo thoob ntiaj teb hauv cov qauv kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom ua si. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov menyuam yaus uas ua si nrog lawv cov khoom ua si, cov chaw tsim khoom thiab cov khoom lag luam yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias lawv cov khoom ua raws li EN71 cov qauv.
4. Daim ntawv pov thawj ROHS: Kev txwv tsis pub muaj tshuaj lom
RoHS, qee zaum hu ua Directive 2002/95/EC, yog cov khoom lag luam raws li txoj cai uas txwv tsis pub siv qee yam khoom siv phom sij uas muaj nyob hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob (EEE). Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv European Union.
Kev txwv tsis pub muaj phom sij, lossis ROHS, yog cov lus luv luv rau cov txheej txheem thiab cov kev cai tsim los txiav kev siv cov khoom phom sij hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Cov neeg tsim khoom thiab cov neeg muag khoom ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem qhia tau tias lawv ua raws li cov kev cai no thiab lawv cov khoom tsis muaj cov khoom siv phom sij uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau ib puag ncig lossis tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv los ntawm kev tau txais ROHS Certification.
5. ISO 9001 Daim ntawv pov thawj
Cov txheej txheem thoob ntiaj teb hu ua ISO 9001 yog siv los qhia cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb rau kev tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm zoo (QMS). Tus qauv yog siv los ntawm cov lag luam los qhia tias lawv tuaj yeem xa cov khoom thiab cov kev pabcuam uas ua raws li kev cai lij choj thiab cov neeg siv khoom.
ISO 9001 tus qauv rau kev tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm tau zoo pab cov lag luam hauv kev ua kom lawv cov haujlwm ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab tshaj qhov xav tau ntawm cov neeg siv khoom. Nws qhia txog tus nqi ntawm kev txhim kho tsis tu ncua thiab muab cov lag luam ib lub hauv paus rau kev xa cov khoom zoo thiab cov kev pab cuam tas li. Rau cov tuam txhab sim ua kom lawv lub koob npe nrov thiab tau txais kev sib tw hauv kev ua lag luam, ISO 9001 ntawv pov thawj tuaj yeem yog ib qho cuab tam tseem ceeb.
6.CPSIA ntawv pov thawj: Consumer Product Safety Improvement
Cov khoom ua si rau cov menyuam yaus raug muab tso rau hauv kev sim CPSIA kom lav tias lawv ua raws li US Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act (CPSIA) xyoo 2008. Txoj Cai txhais cov khoom siv rau menyuam yaus yog ib yam khoom tsim lossis npaj rau kev siv los ntawm cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 12 xyoos lossis qis dua. Txoj cai tshwj xeeb yog tsom rau cov khoom no.
Cov neeg siv khoom lag luam kev nyab xeeb ib puag ncig hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas vam khom rau CPSIA daim ntawv pov thawj. Cov txheej txheem ntawv pov thawj no ua rau cov neeg siv khoom ruaj ntseg thiab muab lawv lub siab thaum ua kev yuav khoom rau lawv tus kheej thiab lawv tsev neeg los ntawm kev yuam cov tuam txhab ua raws li cov txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb nruj. Nkag siab txog CPSIA daim ntawv pov thawj yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom cov khoom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab zoo, txawm tias koj yog ib lub tuam txhab sim ua pov thawj koj cov khoom lossis cov neeg siv khoom nrhiav kom paub txog kev txiav txim siab yuav khoom.
7. CPC Certificate:Certified Professional Coder
Certified Professional Coder yog cov ntawv luv. American Academy of Professional Coders (AAPC) muaj daim ntawv pov thawj kev kho mob coding uas qhia tau tias koj paub txog cov ntaub ntawv thiab lub peev xwm uas yuav tsum tau ua raws li tus kws tshaj lij coder.
American Academy of Professional Coders (AAPC) saib xyuas kev tswj hwm ntawm CPC daim ntawv pov thawj. Cov neeg sib tw yuav tsum muaj daim ntawv kawm tiav high school lossis nws qhov sib npaug, ob xyoos ntawm kev ua lej puv sijhawm, lossis kev sib piv ib nrab sijhawm, txhawm rau zaum rau kev xeem.
8. BSCI daim ntawv pov thawj: Kev Lag Luam Supply Chain Initiative
Lub Koom Haum Kev Lag Luam Txawv Tebchaws (FTA), uas muaj nws lub tsev hauv paus hauv Brussels, tau tsim BSCI raws li kev saib xyuas kev sib raug zoo rau kev coj ncaj ncees hauv Tebchaws Europe.
Ib txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hu ua BSCI Certification pab cov lag luam hauv kev txhim kho lawv cov txheej txheem kev lav phib xaub, txhawb nqa kev coj ncaj ncees, thiab tiv thaiv tib neeg txoj cai. Los ntawm kev tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj no, cov lag luam tuaj yeem qhia lawv txoj kev mob siab rau kev hwm cov cai ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, thiab siv txoj hauv kev ua lag luam. Qhov no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau txhua tus thoob plaws hauv cov khoom siv, los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm mus rau cov neeg siv khoom.
9.FSC ntawv pov thawj: Forest Stewardship Council
Cov neeg siv khoom thiab cov neeg siv khoom ntawm cov ntawv thiab cov khoom ntoo thoob plaws ntiaj teb tau tuaj yeem paub txog "tick tree logo" uas yog qhov kev lees paub.
FSC, los yog Forest Stewardship Council, tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1993 los txhawb kev tswj hwm hav zoov thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Rau cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv hav zoov, cov thawj coj, thiab cov neeg tsim khoom, lub koom haum muab cov kev pabcuam pub dawb. FSC Certification nrhiav kev los xyuas kom meej tias hav zoov raug tswj kom ruaj khov kom cov tiam tom ntej tuaj yeem tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm lawv qhov zoo ntawm ib puag ncig, kev sib raug zoo, thiab kev lag luam.
10.SGS ntawv pov thawj
Rau ntau yam khoom, suav nrog hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob, cov khoom ua si thiab cov khoom me me, hardlines, thiab cov khoom lag luam thiab cov neeg siv khoom, SGS lees paub ob qho tib si thiab cov khoom tiav.
Cov lag luam siv SGS Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj los qhia tias lawv ua raws li kev cai lij choj thiab cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb. Ib qho kev xeem thiab kev xeem uas xav tau yog siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawv pov thawj los tshuaj xyuas cov khoom ua haujlwm, kev cia siab, kev nyab xeeb, thiab kev ruaj ntseg ib puag ncig. Cov lag luam tuaj yeem ntxiv dag zog rau cov neeg siv khoom, lawv lub koob npe nrov, thiab lawv qhov kev ntseeg tau los ntawm kev tau txais SGS Certification.
Ntau lub teb chaws muaj cov qauv sib txawv rau cov khoom sib txawv, koj tuaj yeem thov rau lub Hoobkas los muab cov ntawv pov thawj ntawm koj lub lag luam xav tau.
